Electromagnetic-based methods of stimulating brain activity require invasive procedures or
have other limitations. Deep-brain stimulation requires surgically implanted electrodes.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation does not require surgery, but suffers from low spatial …

Brain stimulation methods are indispensable to the study of brain function. They have also
proven effective for treating some neurological disorders. Historically used for medical
imaging, ultrasound (US) has recently been shown to be capable of noninvasively …

Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) induce growth arrest, differentiation, and
apoptosis of colon cancer cell lines in vitro and have demonstrated anti-cancer efficacy in
clinical trials. Whereas a role for HDAC1 and-2 in mediating components of the HDAC …

Cleft palate and skull malformations represent some of the most frequent congenital birth
defects in the human population. Previous studies have shown that TGFβ signaling
regulates the fate of the medial edge epithelium during palatal fusion and postnatal cranial …

Background and Purpose—Thrombolysis with tPA is the only FDA-approved therapy for
acute ischemic stroke. But its widespread application remains limited by narrow treatment
time windows and the related risks of cerebral hemorrhage. In this study, we ask whether …

Deep-sea vents are the light-independent, highly productive ecosystems driven primarily by
chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, in particular by ε-Proteobacteria phylogenetically
related to important pathogens. We analyzed genomes of two deep-sea vent ε …

Human pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus rapidly infected millions worldwide and was
associated with significant mortality. Antiviral drugs that inhibit influenza virus replication are
the primary therapy used to diminish disease; however, there are two significant limitations …

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 protein (DCLK1) is a gastrointestinal tuft cell marker that has
been proposed to identify quiescent and tumor growth–sustaining stem cells. DCLK1+ tuft
cells are increased in inflammation-induced carcinogenesis; however, the role of these cells …

Ice wedges are common features of the subsurface in permafrost regions. They develop by
repeated frost cracking and ice vein growth over hundreds to thousands of years. Ice-wedge
formation causes the archetypal polygonal patterns seen in tundra across the Arctic …

Abstract The vascular NAD (P) H oxidases constitute important sources of ROS in the vessel
wall and have been implicated in vascular disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)
from conduit arteries express two gp91phox homologs, Nox1 and Nox4, of which Nox1 is …