The potential role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the modulation of the atherosclerotic
process remains unknown. Interleukin (IL)-10 has potent deactivating properties in
macrophages and T cells and modulates many cellular processes that may interfere with the …

A large body of data gathered over the past couple of years has identified the peroxisome
proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α, γ, and β/δ as transcription factors exerting
modulatory actions in vascular cells. PPARs, which belong to the nuclear receptor family of …

Clinical benefits of cholesterol reduction have been established in large-scale primary and
secondary intervention trials with statins, demonstrating that treatment with these drugs
results in decreased morbidity and mortality related to coronary heart disease (CHD)(1, 2) …

Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors, which
heterodimerize with the retinoid X receptor and bind to peroxisome proliferator response
elements in the promoters of regulated genes. Despite the wealth of information available on …

Epidemiological studies have shown that low HDL cholesterol levels in serum are
associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (1). Recently, results from the
Veterans Affairs High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Intervention Trial (VAHIT) indicated …

Several clinical and angiographic intervention trials have shown that fibrate treatment leads
to a reduction of the coronary events associated to atherosclerosis. Fibrates are ligands for
peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) that modulate risk factors related to …

Fibrates are hypolipidemic drugs that affect the expression of genes involved in lipid
metabolism by activating peroxisome proliferator–activated receptors (PPARs). Fibrate
treatment causes adverse changes in biliary lipid composition and decreases bile acid …

OBJECTIVE Bile acids (BA) participate in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis acting
through different signaling pathways. The nuclear BA receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR)
regulates pathways in BA, lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism, which become …

The nuclear receptor Rev-erb-α modulates hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism,
adipogenesis and the inflammatory response in macrophages. We show here that Rev-erb-
α is highly expressed in oxidative skeletal muscle and that its deficiency in muscle leads to …

Objectives—Whereas postprandial hyperlipidemia is a well-described feature of insulin-
resistant states and type 2 diabetes, no previous studies have examined intestinal
lipoprotein production rates (PRs) in relation to hyperinsulinemia or insulin resistance in …