Context In addition to trauma exposure, other factors contribute to risk for development of
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Both genetic and environmental factors
are contributory, with child abuse providing significant risk liability. Objective To increase …

In the mammalian olfactory system, information from∼ 1000 different odorant receptor types
is organized in the nose into four spatial zones. Each zone is a mosaic of randomly
distributed neurons expressing different receptor types. In these studies, we have obtained …

Background Traditional pharmacological approaches to treating psychiatric disorders focus
on correcting presumed biochemical abnormalities. However, some disorders, particularly
the anxiety-related disorders exemplified by specific phobia, have an emotional learning …

The mechanisms by which mammals discriminate a vast array of diverse odors are poorly
understood. To gain insight into the organizational strategies underlying this discriminatory
capacity, we have examined the spatial distribution of odorant receptor RNAs in the mouse …

There is abundant evidence for abnormalities of the norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin
(5HT) neurotransmitter systems in depression and anxiety disorders. The majority of
evidence supports underactivation of serotonergic function and complex dysregulation of …

Context Genetic inheritance and developmental life stress both contribute to major
depressive disorder in adults. Child abuse and trauma alter the endogenous stress
response, principally corticotropin-releasing hormone and its downstream effectors …

Although the fact that genetic predisposition and environmental exposures interact to shape
development and function of the human brain and, ultimately, the risk of psychiatric
disorders has drawn wide interest, the corresponding molecular mechanisms have not yet …

NMDA receptor antagonists block conditioned fear extinction when injected systemically and
also when infused directly into the amygdala. Here we evaluate the ability of d-cycloserine
(DCS), a partial agonist at the strychnine-insensitive glycine-recognition site on the NMDA …

Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advances in the neuroscience of emotion,
learning and memory, and in animal models for understanding depression and anxiety. This
review focuses on new rationally designed psychiatric treatments derived from preclinical …

Using olfactory molecular specificity, we examined the inheritance of parental traumatic
exposure, a phenomenon that has been frequently observed, but not understood. We
subjected F0 mice to odor fear conditioning before conception and found that subsequently …