Cytoplasmic dynein and kinesin-1 are microtubule-based motors with opposite polarity that
transport a wide variety of cargo in eukaryotic cells. Many cellular cargos demonstrate
bidirectional movement due to the presence of ensembles of dynein and kinesin, but are …

Processivity, the ability of single molecules to move continuously along a track, is a
fundamental requirement of cargo-transporting molecular motors. Here, we investigate how
cytoplasmic dynein, a homodimeric, microtubule-based motor, achieves processive motion …

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) allows fluorescent molecules to be
visualized with an unparalleled signal-to-noise ratio. This is achieved by illuminating only
the molecules that are within a thin volume near the coverslip surface but not those that are …

Synthetic biology re-imagines existing biological systems by designing and constructing
new biological parts, devices, and systems. In the arena of cytoskeleton-based transport,
synthetic approaches are currently used in two broad ways. First, molecular motors are …

Single-molecule-based super-resolution microscopy offers researchers a unique opportunity
to quantify protein copy number with nanoscale resolution. However, while fluorescent
proteins have been characterized for quantitative imaging using calibration standards …

Cytoplasmic dynein is a minus‐end directed microtubule‐based motor protein that drives
intracellular cargo transport in eukaryotic cells. Although many intracellular cargos are
propelled by small groups of dynein motors, the biophysical mechanisms governing …

Cytoskeletal molecular motors provide exciting proof that nanoscale transporters can be
highly efficient, moving for microns along filamentous tracks by hydrolyzing ATP to fuel
nanometer-size steps. For nanotechnology, such conversion of chemical energy into …

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) allows fluorescent molecules on or
near the plasma membrane to be visualized with a very high signal-to-noise ratio. This strategy
has been very successful for imaging molecular machines as they move and do work. We provide …

Alterations of consciousness are critical factors in the diagnosis of epileptic seizures. With
these alterations in consciousness, some persons report sensations of separating from the
physical body, experiences that may in rare cases resemble spontaneous out-of-body …

The predictable chemistry of Watson–Crick base‐pairing imparts a unique structural
programmability to DNA, enabling the facile design of molecular reactions that perform
computations. However, many of the current architectures limit devices to a single …