The incidence of the metabolic syndrome has taken epidemic proportions in the past
decades, contributing to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The
metabolic syndrome can be defined as a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors …

PPARα is a nuclear receptor that regulates liver and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism as
well as glucose homeostasis. Acting as a molecular sensor of endogenous fatty acids (FAs)
and their derivatives, this ligand-activated transcription factor regulates the expression of …

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is an antiinflammatory drug widely used in the treatment of
inflammatory bowel diseases. It is known to inhibit the production of cytokines and
inflammatory mediators, but the mechanism underlying the intestinal effects of 5-ASA …

The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter attains a phased array of six
nucleosomes when introduced into rodent cells. This architecture excludes nuclear factor
1/CCAAT transcription factor (NF1/CTF) from the promoter before glucocorticoid treatment …

Destruction of auditory hair cells results in a subsequent loss of auditory neurons. In situ
hybridization and neuronal cell culture studies as well as analyses of the inner ears of
neurotrophin and neurotrophin receptor gene knockout mice have shown that NT-3 and …

Candida albicans is a common, harmless yeast in the human digestive tract that also causes
severe systemic fungal infection in hospitalized patients. Its cell-wall surface displays a
unique glycolipid called phospholipomannan (PLM). The ability of PLM to stimulate tumor …

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a ligand-activated transcription
factor belonging, together with PPARγ and PPARβ/δ, to the NR1C nuclear receptor
subfamily. Many PPARα target genes are involved in fatty acid metabolism in tissues with …

Apoptosis is an important process, both for normal development of the inner ear and for
removal of oxidative-stress damaged sensory cells from the cochlea. Oxidative-stressors of
auditory sensory cells include: loss of trophic factor support, ischemia-reperfusion, and …

The aim of this study was to determine if high-dose delivery of methylprednisolone to the
round window can improve hearing after the failure of conventional treatment for sudden
sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL). In 6 patients with SSHL an Intraear® microcatheter was …

Retinoid X receptors (RXRs) have been implicated in a diversity of cellular processes
ranging from cellular proliferation to lipid metabolism. These pleiotropic effects stem not only
from the ability of RXRs to dimerize with diverse nuclear receptors, which exert …