Brain stimulation methods are indispensable to the study of brain function. They have also
proven effective for treating some neurological disorders. Historically used for medical
imaging, ultrasound (US) has recently been shown to be capable of noninvasively …

Almost one-third of people with epilepsy continue to have seizures despite appropriate
antiepileptic drug treatment, placing them at considerable risk of cognitive and psychosocial
dysfunction and death. We recommend early referral to an epilepsy center when seizures …

The diagnosis of definite neurosarcoidosis requires tissue biopsy demonstrating noncaseating
granulomas in the absence of organisms or other causes. 2 Corticosteroids are the mainstay
of therapy and in one case series, over 70% of patients relapsed or progressed despite treatment …

Objective: Quantitatively evaluate whether screening with compressed spectral arrays
(CSAs) is a practical and time-effective protocol for assisting expert review of continuous
EEG (cEEG) studies in hospitalized adults. Methods: Three neurophysiologists reviewed the …

The main objective was to review the evidence for management of epilepsy associated with
hypothalamic hamartomas. We performed a systemic review of the literature through July
2012 that studied patients with hypothalamic hamartomas and related epilepsy. Articles …

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are genetically and clinically heterogeneous and lack
effective medications to treat their core symptoms. Studies of syndromic ASDs caused by
single gene mutations have provided insights into the pathophysiology of autism. Fragile X …

Object Hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) often cause pharmacoresistent epilepsy,
incapacitating behavioral abnormalities, and cognitive decline. Surgical intervention offers
the patient the best opportunity of seizure resolution, which occurs in approximately 50 …

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a syndromic autism spectrum disorder caused by loss-of-function
mutations in MECP2. The methyl CpG binding protein 2 binds methylcytosine and 5-
hydroxymethycytosine at CpG sites in promoter regions of target genes, controlling their …

William J. Tyler is a synaptic physiologist holding an Assistant Professorship of
Neurobiology and Bioimaging at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. He earned a BS
and Ph. D. from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA before conducting his …

Abstract Background Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a catastrophic childhood cryptogenic or
symptomatic epilepsy. Hypothalamic hamartomas cause refractory epilepsy often consistent
with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Methods Children with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome were …